Bibliography

Alvesson, M. (2012) Interviews: A Critical Guide. London: SAGE Publications.

Anyan, F. (2013) ‘The influence of power shifts in data collection and analysis stages: A focus on qualitative research interviews’, The Qualitative Report, 18(18), pp. 1–9.

BERA (2024) Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research. 5th edn. London: British Educational Research Association. Available at: https://www.bera.ac.uk/publication/ethical-guidelines-for-educational-research-2024 (Accessed: 1 October 2025).

Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2017) ‘Thematic analysis’, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), pp. 297–298.

CAST (2024) CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 3.0. Available at: https://udlguidelines.cast.org (Accessed: 16 January 2026).

Cazden, C.B. (2012) ‘A framework for social justice in education’, International Journal of Educational Psychology, 1(3), pp. 178–198. doi:10.4471/ijep.2012.11.

Dahl, H.M., Stoltz, P. and Willig, R. (2004) ‘Recognition, redistribution and representation in capitalist global society: An interview with Nancy Fraser’, Acta Sociologica, 47(4), pp. 373–382. doi:10.1177/0001699304048671.

Hartmann, E. (2015) ‘Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and learners with severe support needs’, International Journal of Whole Schooling, 11(1), pp. 54–67.

Holstein, J.A. and Gubrium, J.F. (1995) The Active Interview. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Irvine, A., Drew, P. and Sainsbury, R. (2013) ‘“Am I not answering your questions properly?” Clarification, adequacy and responsiveness in semi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews’, Qualitative Research, 13(1), pp. 87–106. doi:10.1177/1468794112439086.

Jordan, B. and Henderson, A. (1995) ‘Interaction analysis: Foundations and practice’, The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4(1), pp. 39–103.

Martin, N., Wray, M., James, A., Draffan, E.A., Krupa, J. and Turner, P. (2019) Implementing Inclusive Teaching and Learning in UK Higher Education – Utilising Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a Route to Excellence. Society for Research into Higher Education.

Odeniyi, V. (n.d.) Reimagining Conversations. London: University of the Arts London. Available at: https://www.arts.ac.uk/ual-decolonising-arts-institute/publications-and-podcasts/reimagining-conversations (Accessed: 1 October 2025).

Pauwels, L. (2019) ‘Visual elicitation in interviews’, SAGE Research Methods Foundations. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781526421036846496.

Pearson, H. and Boskovich, L. (2019) ‘Problematizing disability disclosure in higher education…’, Disability Studies Quarterly, 39(1).

Power, S. (2012) ‘From redistribution to recognition to representation: social injustice and the changing politics of education’, Globalisation, Societies and Education, 10(4). doi:10.1080/14767724.2012.735154.

Sayrs, L. (1998) ‘InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing (Steinar Kvale)… [book review]’, American Journal of Evaluation, volume(19), pp. 267-270

Schelly, C.L., Davies, P.L. and Spooner, C.L. (2011) ‘Student perceptions of faculty implementation of Universal Design for Learning’, Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 24(1), pp. 17–30.

Social Research Association (SRA) (2021) Research ethics guidance. London: Social Research Association.

Research Rationale

This research is situated within my role as a Specialist Technician at London College of Fashion (LCF), where I deliver software training and provide one-to-one (1-to-1) technical and portfolio tutorial to a highly diverse student cohort. However, I have observed that many students, in particular international students and those with anxiety or specific learning differences, struggle to articulate their learning preferences or access needs during the session itself.

Our current pre-session questionnaire focuses primarily on broad static information, such as course details and session expectation. Whilst they are useful for auditing, I can’t gauge students’ support and access needs which often emerge during session. For example, students with anxiety may find it hard to concentrate in shared spaces, and students with dyslexia may struggle with live demonstrations but would benefit from pre-recorded materials.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offers an appealing framework for addressing this challenge. The recent UDL Guidelines 3.0 emphasise designing learning environments that “anticipate the variability of learners” rather than relying on individual disclosure or post-hoc adjustments (CAST, 2024). As Hartmann argue barriers are not inherent in the learner, but in the inflexible design of the environment (2015). In the context of 1-to-1 Technical Resources support, this suggests that barriers may be embedded not in students’ abilities, but in how support structures are organised and communicated.

Existing research on UDL in higher education often highlights the value of proactive, student-centred design in improving engagement and satisfaction in relation to group-based teaching and curriculum design. For example, in a faculty-wide study, Schelly et al. (2011) found that students in large, undergraduate courses perceived UDL-informed practices as more inclusive and supportive, particularly when instructors demonstrated awareness of diverse learning needs. Similarly, Martin (2020), writing in a UK higher education context, argues that UDL shifts responsibility from individual students “requesting adjustments” to a wider institutional embedding of accessibility as standard practice.

Its principles should and can be actioned particularly effectively embedded within one-to-one learning contexts. In 1-to-1 Technical Resources sessions, student variability is not abstract or collective but individual, situated, and often predictable when appropriate structures are in place. This makes UDL’s emphasis on anticipatory design especially approachable at a micro-pedagogic context.

In particular, this is particularly important within the creative arts sector, where technical confidence, visual literacy, and experimentation are central to learning, yet students’ digital preparedness varies widely. At a departmental and institutional level, my research rationale aligns with LCF and UAL’s commitments to inclusive education, student wellbeing, and equitable access to learning resources.

By investigating how a UDL-informed pre-session questionnaire can support anticipatory adjustments in 1-to-1 Technical Resources sessions, this research aims to contribute to the UDL literature by repositioning the framework in a micro-pedagogic context. It seeks to demonstrate how small, low-cost pedagogical interventions can enhance preparedness, responsiveness, and student satisfaction, while reducing the emotional labour placed on students to advocate for their own access needs.

Social justice and Equity lens:

Social justice and access sit at the heart of this project. In practice, students often don’t arrive at 1-to-1 technical support with the same “capacity to access” it, the support they receive can depend on confidence, language fluency, familiarity with UK higher education norms, and whether they feel safe disclosing disability or mental health needs. Disability scholarship highlights that disclosure can involve stigma, emotional risk, and ongoing administrative labour, so systems that rely on students “speaking up” at the point of need can end up reproducing inequity rather than reducing it (Pearson and Boskovich, 2019).

To frame this as a social justice intervention, I draw on Fraser’s three-dimensional account of justice , redistribution, recognition, and representation. which has also been taken up in education research to analyse how policies and practices address economic, cultural, and political forms of injustice (Dahl, Stoltz and Willig, 2004; Power, 2012; Cazden, 2012). In this study:

Redistribution refers to making access to effective support less dependent on individual self-advocacy by normalising anticipatory adjustments

Recognition involves treating diverse learning preferences and access needs as expected learner variability rather than exceptions

Representation means creating a structured route for student voice to shape how sessions are organised. In this sense, a UDL-informed questionnaire is not only a practical tool for preparedness, but a small-scale mechanism for shifting responsibility away from students having to “prove” need and toward a more just design of support.

References:

Martin, N, Wray, M, James, A, Draffan, EA, Krupa, J and Turner, P (2019). Implementing Inclusive Teaching and Learning in UK Higher Education – Utilising Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a Route to Excellence. Society for Research into Higher Education.

CAST (2024). CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 3.0. Retrieved from https://udlguidelines.cast.org

Schelly, C.L., Davies, P.L. and Spooner, C.L. (2011) ‘Student Perceptions of Faculty implementation of Universal Design for Learning’.

Hartmann, E. (2015). Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Learners with Severe Support Needs. International Journal of Whole Schooling, 11 (1), 54-67.

Dahl, H.M., Stoltz, P. and Willig, R. (2004) ‘Recognition, Redistribution and Representation in Capitalist Global Society: An Interview with Nancy Fraser’, Acta Sociologica, 47(4), pp. 373–382. doi:10.1177/0001699304048671.

Power, S. (2012) ‘From redistribution to recognition to representation: social injustice and the changing politics of education’, Globalisation, Societies and Education, 10(4). doi:10.1080/14767724.2012.735154.

Cazden, C.B. (2012) ‘A Framework for Social Justice in Education’, International Journal of Educational Psychology, 1(3), pp. 178–198. doi:10.4471/ijep.2012.11.

Pearson, H. and Boskovich, L. (2019) ‘Problematizing Disability Disclosure in Higher Education…’, Disability Studies Quarterly, 39(1).

Research Question, Motivation and Hypothesis

Research Question:

How can a pre-session questionnaire, informed by Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Guidelines 3.0 help identify and accommodate diverse student needs, overcoming barriers in existing Technical Resources one-to-one sessions?

Background & Motivation

I am a specialist technician at London College Fashion (LCF), focusing on the delivery of software trainings and providing on 1-to-1 support on students’ portfolios reviews, technical supports.

In my role providing one-to-one support sessions, I noticed that many students, particularly international students and those with anxiety or specific learning differences, struggle to articulate their learning needs during the session itself.


Some avoid mentioning their access needs out of fear of being judged or because of cultural or linguistic barriers. For instance, a student with anxiety may feel uncomfortable in a shared or noisy environment but hesitate to disclose this until the session is already under way. Another student with dyslexia might struggle to follow a live software demonstration but would benefit from receiving video materials in advance.

The current pre-session questionnaire only asks basic logistical questions (e.g. which course are you currently enrolled in? What topics you would like to focus on in this tutorial? ) and does not invite students to express how they learn best or what conditions support their focus. This gap limits my ability to prepare effectively and unintentionally maintains barriers to inclusion.

In light of my observations, I hoping to investigate whether the shift from reactive accommodation (“tell me if you need support”) to proactive design (“support is built in from the start”) would help identify, and thereafter accommodate for diverse student needs and provide better teaching satisfaction and quality.

Research Hypothesis

My research hypothesises that:

A UDL-informed pre-session questionnaire can help students articulate learning preferences and access needs ahead of Technical Resources 1-to-1 sessions. By enabling anticipatory adjustments, it is likely to improve perceived preparedness, session responsiveness, and student satisfaction.

Blog Task 3 – Race

When I first read the UAL anti-racism action plan, especially the bit that says “increase representation of BAME academic staff by 15%” and “by 50% at Grade 7” (UAL, 2021), I didn’t feel reassured. I felt anxious. I started to question myself: Was I employed because I’m good at what I do, or was it to help the numbers look better? I support the idea of equity and increasing representation, of course I do, but this way of framing it made me feel like a statistic, not a person.

Asif Sadiq’s TED Talk (2023) put words to something I’d been struggling to explain. He says, “It’s easy to count people, but it’s hard to make people count.” That really hit home. Sometimes inclusion feels more like performance, something that looks good on paper, but doesn’t actually shift who is being listened to or who feels like they belong. It reminded me of another point he made, about how all the case studies and resources he saw while studying business were about the successful people who didn’t look like him. That example stayed with me. It mirrors what I sometimes feel in my own academic journey, like I’m not the person these spaces were originally built for.

Bradbury (2020) deepens this point using Critical Race Theory. She explains how policy, even when it claims to be neutral, often centres whiteness as the default. She writes that “representation is necessary but not sufficient” and argues that without shifting power, policies risk turning people of colour into symbols of institutional success instead of truly including them. That resonated. Sometimes being visible feels like being under a spotlight rather than being supported.

On Monday, in our group discussion in the workshop 3, we spoke about this too. We questioned where these percentages in the action plan came from, and who decides them. We also talked about the way data is collected, how we’re not always told why our identity data is being used, or how. That can feel invasive and a bit performative, especially when you’re not sure if it’s helping or just another tick box. We also questioned the term “BAME”—how it groups so many different people together and ends up creating a binary between “white” and “everyone else.”

I’m not saying the action plan is bad. It’s a step. But if we want real change, the approach has to go deeper. Garrett (2024) talks about how racialised PhD students often can’t picture a future in academia because the system hasn’t shown them one. That really stayed with me, because representation on paper doesn’t always translate into real support, real listening, or a real sense of belonging.

One thing our group suggested was making data collection more transparent, clearly explaining how it’s used, and why, and building it into a two-way conversation. Because anti-racism shouldn’t feel like something happening to us—it should feel like something we’re actively shaping together.

Reference:

Bradbury, A., 2020. A critical race theory framework for education policy analysis: The case of bilingual learners and assessment policy in England. Race Ethnicity and Education, 23(2), pp.241–260.

Garrett, R., 2024. Racism shapes careers: Career trajectories and imagined futures of racialised minority PhDs in UK higher education. Globalisation, Societies and Education, pp.1–15.

Sadiq, A., 2023. Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. Learning how to get it right. TEDx Talks , 2 March. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR4wz1b54hw [Accessed 4 June 2025].

University of the Arts London (UAL), 2021. UAL Anti-racism Action Plan Summary. London: UAL.